For decades the systems in orbit were shielded by distance and cost, hard to reach and largely safe from deliberate interference.
That era is over.
Welcome to orientation. You have joined Kestrel Orbital, a global commercial satellite operator. The three teams that defend it, the Security Operations Center, the Satellite Operations Center, and Satellite Design & Engineering, have no centralized taxonomy, ontology, or enumeration process, so each describes the platform differently and no finding is normalized across them, and that gap is where missions and audits are lost. You are here to build and lead the department that closes it: Space Cybersecurity Operations and Resilience (SCOR). Your job is to give all three teams one centralized taxonomy, ontology, and enumeration process, and the method to run it, so a threat, an attack path, or a detection written by one is read by the others without re-translation, and then to train them to run that method together as one system. That is how Kestrel Orbital reaches resilient cyber operations, and leading it there is on you.
Today is orientation. Over your first five days you will learn the method, one function a day: map the platform, model the threats against it, engineer the detection, prepare the response, manage the adversary. The five days after that, you will work the operational floor against scored mission simulations on a space-operations digital twin. First, the standard you will be held to.
THE THREE MANDATES YOU'RE FOCUSED ON
You will build and lead Kestrel Orbital’s new department, Space Cybersecurity Operations and Resilience (SCOR), toward resilient cyber operations. It exists to meet three mandates of equal weight: Executive Order 14144 (United States), the NIS2 Directive (Europe), and Kestrel Orbital’s own mandate to open an information-sharing channel with the Space Information Sharing and Analysis Center (Space ISAC). They set your scope and the bar SCOR is judged by, and reaching resilient cyber operations is how you meet all three at once. Miss one and the department fails.
Executive Order 14144 (January 2025) orders civil space requirements that protect command and control of the space system: encrypting commands, ensuring commands are not modified in transit, ensuring an authorized party is their source, and rejecting unauthorized command and control attempts.
The EU NIS2 Directive (2022/2555) designates Space a sector of high criticality and reaches Kestrel Orbital as an operator of ground-based infrastructure that supports space-based services: duties for cryptography and encryption, access control and multi-factor authentication, incident handling, and incident reporting on a 24-hour, 72-hour, and one-month clock.
Kestrel Orbital mandates information sharing with the Space Information Sharing and Analysis Center (Space ISAC), the space community’s trusted channel for exchanging threat intelligence: membership, a working machine-to-machine connection from the organization’s Threat Intel Platform, and the practice of contributing to and consuming from the community, SCOR’s drive behind Kestrel Orbital’s contribution to #spacecollectivedefense. It carries the same weight as the two regulators. What you share stays selective and policy-gated; standing up the channel is not optional.
That is your scope, and a policy binder will not meet it. You will meet it by standing up Resilient Cyber Operations: adopting the METEORSTORM framework and running its five functions on the platform, so every threat, detection, and resilience measure is enumerated once and normalized into a single analytic picture all three teams read without re-translation. That work will begin tomorrow with Function 01, Concept of Operations, the top-down decomposition the three teams have never agreed on: what the platform actually is.
The shared data model
Day one will be Function 01, Concept of Operations: you will decompose, top down, the command-and-control and ground infrastructure that Executive Order 14144 and the NIS2 Directive place in scope, into its Primary Capability Environment, Segment, Service, and Asset elements, anchoring every child to its parent. The taxonomy will give each element one published name; the ontology will fix the parent chain that holds the decomposition together. Enumerated against that model, the in-scope platform will be described once, context and enrichment together, and that single description will produce the evidence your three co-equal mandates demand, Executive Order 14144, the NIS2 Directive, and machine-to-machine sharing with the Space ISAC, in one form all three departments read with no re-translation at any handoff. This will be the shared foundation the next four functions build on, not the finish line: the same taxonomy and ontology will extend to where Kestrel Orbital’s business plan is going, maritime, aviation, drone, and deep-space platforms, without rework. That reach is what METEORSTORM is built for. It will begin with the decision the three teams have never made together: the single scoped decomposition and taxonomy that names every element the mandates place in scope.
WE NEED YOU TO IMPLEMENT A STANDARD TAXONOMY AND ONTOLOGY
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Right now at Kestrel Orbital, Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering have no centralized taxonomy, ontology, or enumeration process, so each describes the platform in its own terms and intelligence from one department is never normalized to a shared model the next can consume. Every handoff then requires manual reconciliation across the teams, and the intelligence degrades before it can be curated or acted on. This is the gap you will build SCOR to close.
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You cannot order three departments onto a new data model; adoption has to be earned, and the mandates are the case you will make for it. You will introduce the shared data model to each department by demonstrating what it returns: a platform described once produces the evidence Executive Order 14144 and NIS2 ask for, with no re-translation at any handoff. METEORSTORM publishes the structural taxonomy and ontology↗ in the open as a MISP taxonomy, so what you will be asking them to adopt is an open standard, not one department's invention.
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As SCOR, your mission is resilient cyber operations, and this is its first step: keep that one taxonomy alive across Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering, and train each department to hold it. One taxonomy, three rooms, no translation.
You were hired to stop intelligence dying at the boundaries between Kestrel Orbital's departments, and the taxonomy is SCOR's first move against it. It gives every part of a space platform one name across the four structural layers, from the Primary Capability Environment it operates in down to the Assets that implement its capabilities. It is real and already in the open: the implementation lives at machinetag.json↗ as an MISP taxonomy. You will apply each layer and name your own platform with it in the days ahead.

Naming the parts is half the job; making those names connect is how you finish closing the gap, and that is the ontology. Every element anchors to its parent in the layer above, forming one chain from the most concrete Asset back to the Primary Capability Environment the platform operates in. Attach enrichment to any small part and it traces back through the chain to the larger part it concerns, so every defender you serve inherits structural context for free. You will walk the chain and write your own in the next modules.

WE NEED YOU TO TEACH THE DATA MODEL
The resilient cyber operations framework consists of a taxonomy and an ontology. They are communicated through the Taxonomic Element Nomenclature (TEN), the published form that defines what each element is, and enumerating your platform against the framework produces the Enumerated Taxonomic Element Nomenclature (ETEN), which records how each element applies to your actual system. Your department will teach both. Know both cold now, because you will train Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering on them in the days ahead.
This is how you teach the organization what each element is. A Taxonomic Element Nomenclature names a published category and carries its fixed definition, the dictionary definition for the type. Hyphen form: LAYER-TAG-Label-Definition.
This is how you teach the organization how each element applies. An Enumerated Taxonomic Element Nomenclature is the outcome of the enumeration process: it names one real occurrence of that type on your platform, the form used to describe your actual system. Colon form with an ordinal: LAYER:TAG:Label:ORDINAL:Description.
Here is the model applied to one real part. Take the on-board computer that executes every telecommand: its taxonomic element is AST-HW (Hardware Asset, the type), and its enumerated element is AST:HW:Hardware:06:On-board computer and OBDH bus hardware on each constellation spacecraft, where the required description field scopes the exact equipment. That enumerated element names its parent Service, which names the Space segment, which names the Orbital environment, so any department can trace enrichment straight back to the exact element it concerns. How that enrichment gets written is the next thing you will teach.
WE NEED YOU TO IMPLEMENT RESILIENT CYBER OPERATIONS
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Enrichment is anything your analysis adds to the platform's context: a threat, the route an attacker would take, an alert that catches it. Right now that enrichment gets stuck. Each department records it in its own tool and its own wording, so before another department can use it, someone has to re-translate it, and most of it never leaves the department that wrote it. Getting it out is the job you were hired for.
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You will start by getting every enrichment element written down the same way, a process SCOR owns. METEORSTORM adds a fifth analytic layer↗ on top of the four structural layers: six fixed categories for what you observe, each tied to the exact platform element it concerns, so every analytic element says which part of the platform it is about.
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As SCOR, your mission is to get Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering all writing enrichment the same way in these six categories, and to train them to keep it up, so anything one department adds can be picked up and used by the others without anyone re-translating it. That one shared analytic picture is what Resilient Cyber Operations runs on.
This is how you make enrichment usable by every department: one published taxonomy for every kind of enrichment you produce. Six fixed categories cover the entire analytic surface, from what the adversary leaves behind through the response that holds. It lives in the same machinetag.json↗ file as the structural taxonomy. You will apply each category to your own enrichment in the days ahead.

Enrichment is only useful if it points at a specific part of the platform. You attach each enrichment element to the structural elements it concerns through a target field, so every claim has structural ground to stand on. An enrichment element without a target is a free-floating note; with one, it belongs to a specific part of the platform every defender can locate. You will work with the target fields and attach your own enrichment in the days ahead.

CHECKPOINT
Five questions on the shared data model: the four structural layers plus the Analytic layer, the difference between a type (TEN) and an instance (ETEN), and how parent anchoring ties the platform into one tree. Answer to confirm the foundation.
The Pentagon of Pain
This is the mindset you will use to drive the transformation: five mastery areas where investment makes every attack cost the adversary more than it costs you. The Pentagon of Pain gives Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering one shared test for every hour and every dollar: does this raise the adversary's cost? When all three departments think this way, budget stops scattering across vendor pitches and compliance checkboxes, effort concentrates where the platform is provably exposed, and the adversary stops finding cheap wins.
WE NEED YOU TO TURN THE COST BACK ON THE ATTACKER
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Right now defense favors the attacker. Budget scatters across vendor pitches and compliance checkboxes, effort that satisfies an auditor but never anchors to the platform, so the defensive surface sprawls while the adversary needs only one path. Nobody owns turning that around. That is the job you were hired for.
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You will start by driving Kestrel Orbital to invest where it provably hurts the adversary. The Pentagon of Pain names five mastery areas, the critical processes you champion, where investment raises the adversary's cost, so detect, disrupt, and deter become measurable outcomes instead of slogans. Each of the five framework functions ahead exercises one of these mastery areas by name.
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As SCOR, your mission is to train Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering up to mastery in each one, until the adversary stops finding cheap paths to objectives.
Master Decomposition
"The adversary suffers when you know your platform better than they ever can."
Organizations must have a deeper understanding of their platforms than the adversaries targeting them, from development to decommissioning.
Master Contextualized Threat Modeling
"The adversary suffers when every strike they imagine is already prepared for."
Develop attack-to-defend capability across kinetic, non-kinetic, electronic warfare, cyber warfare, and natural-threat domains.
Master Converged Detection Engineering
"The adversary suffers when they cannot hide, and every move is seen."
Evolve into a converged data and signals approach to illuminate complex attack patterns and reduce adversary dwell time.
Master Exposure Management
"The adversary suffers when every path they take ends in a trap."
Continually enumerate the attack paths created by both exposed and isolated platform elements and work toward platform deception techniques.
Master Adversary Management
"The adversary suffers when their plans are known, broken, and turned against them."
Align the prior four masteries with real-world adversary profiles to detect, disrupt, and deter adversaries targeting the platform.
Three ways to start
Activate, Integrate, or Engage. The framework gives you three ways in, and no two of Kestrel Orbital’s departments will enter the same way. Matching each department to its entry point is your next call.
WE NEED YOU TO START WHERE EACH DEPARTMENT ALREADY IS
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No two of Kestrel Orbital’s departments start at the same capability. A rollout that forces all three through the same first step rejects most of them at the door, and the framework stays an island. Meeting each department where it is, and moving it forward, is the job you were hired for.
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You will start the transformation wherever each department already stands, and choosing where is the first call you will make. METEORSTORM gives you three entry points, Activate, Integrate, and Engage, and you pick the one that matches the department’s current state. At Kestrel Orbital the match is already visible: the Security Operations Center runs a Threat Intel Platform every day, so it activates; Satellite Design & Engineering has the next platform on its drawing board, so it integrates; and Engage unites all three departments in exercise.
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As SCOR, your mission is to meet Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering at whatever starting line each one occupies, win each over to the same framework, and train them to run it without you.
- Adopt the shared taxonomy inside your existing Threat Intel Platform so confirmed enrichment reads the same way for every analyst, vendor, and partner. Federating with Space ISAC peers stands up the sharing channel Kestrel Orbital requires; what you federate stays selective.
- Align Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering on the five-function process while the platform is being designed or rebuilt, so each department runs the framework as part of daily work rather than alongside it.
- Run exercises in an environment fully separate from production with Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering, using synthetic adversary data, so the detection signatures, response playbooks, and resilience measures the three departments build during the exercise graduate straight into production the moment it closes.
ACTIVATE
If a department is already operational, it activates the framework taxonomy in its current Threat Intel Platform (TIP). At Kestrel Orbital that department is the Security Operations Center, and this is your first move.
010203- Review the policy, procedure, and platform that govern how Kestrel Orbital handles cyber threat intel today.
- Update each so they reflect the framework's taxonomy for space threat intel.
- Update your Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR), the questions your analysts are meant to answer, to cover space threats.

- Load the framework's shared taxonomy file into the CTI platform Kestrel Orbital already runs.
- Make sure activation follows the policy and procedure you just validated.
- From this moment, every analyst dropdown shows the same labels and every department speaks the same words.

- Establish internal sharing so everyone who touches the platform reads from the same single source.
- Stand up external sharing to Space ISAC, the channel Kestrel Orbital requires; push through it as policy supports.
- All sharing stays in alignment with the CTI policy, procedure, and platform you validated in step one.

INTEGRATE
If the platform is still being designed, walk through the full five-step process before launch. At Kestrel Orbital that makes this Satellite Design & Engineering’s entry point, with the next platform on its drawing board. Each step produces a specific kind of cataloged enrichment that feeds the next. Tap any step to expand.
F01F02F03F04F05- Decompose only what your mission scope requires; you do not have to model the entire platform.
- Capture the parent of each part you enumerate so any later enrichment traces back through the chain you decomposed.
- Output: a scoped tree where every part you enumerated has a name, a parent, and a place in the design.

- For every part of the platform, ask which threats actually apply to that specific part.
- Anchor each threat to the part it would target, not in the abstract; an orbital threat is not the same as a ground-site threat.
- Output: a threat catalogue where every entry points back at a real piece of your design.

- For each cataloged threat, trace how an adversary could move through the platform to make it real.
- For each step on each path, enumerate the data and signal sources needed to observe it; where no source exists yet, the gap is itself enrichment the program must close before launch.
- Output: a map of every path plus the data and signal source inventory Incident Response Preparation will use to write signatures and playbooks.

- For every step on every attack path, write the detection signature that fires on the data/signal source CDE delivered.
- For every signature, write the response playbook the Security Operations runs the moment the signature fires.
- Output: tested detection signatures in an open format and the playbooks they trigger, each tied back to the attack path it covers.

- Identify the parts of the platform that show up across many threats and many attack paths.
- Build resilience measures that shrink, harden, or eliminate those parts before launch.
- Output: a portfolio of measures, each tied to one of four resilience goals: anticipate, withstand, recover, adapt.

ENGAGE
Engage is where you unite Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering on one floor. You run tabletops, red-team engagements, and training exercises in an environment fully separate from production and use the same framework with one change: the adversary inputs are synthetic. Exercise designers script the inputs that drive each scenario and tag them as exercise data; what participants build in response is real production-grade work that graduates from the exercise environment into operations when the exercise closes. Tap any step to expand.
0102030405- Run the Concept of Operations process to enumerate the structural elements the exercise will operate on.
- Pull the platform decomposition from an existing platform’s CONOPS documentation, or model an in-design platform from scratch. The exercise environment runs on this structural model only, never on the live system.
- Output: the structural model that every synthetic adversary input will attach back to.

- Choose one or more adversary archetypes the scenario will pit against the platform.
- Profile each adversary using the framework's adversary profile template: capabilities, motivation, demonstrated TTPs, source.
- Output: a small adversary catalogue the participants will recognize and respond to in step 05.

- For each adversary profile from step 02, decide which analytic categories the exercise will exercise.
- Pre-position the framework's taxonomy so participants speak the same words operations does.
- Output: a normalized analytic catalogue, anchored to the step 01 structural model, ready to populate in real time.

- Deploy the exercise on a custom virtual machine, container stack, or partner ecosystem; never on production infrastructure.
- Pre-load synthetic telemetry data, synthetic signals, and a METEORSTORM-tagged CTI catalogue so the platform behaves like operations from day one.
- Output: an exercise environment isolated from production but identical in taxonomy and tooling.

- Participants build detection rules and resilience measures in response to the adversary's actions.
- Validate every participant-crafted output against the actual adversary actions the exercise scripted: did the rule fire, did the measure hold?
- Output: production-grade detection and resilience that graduate to the operational catalogue once the exercise closes.

THE FIVE FUNCTIONS
The METEORSTORM cyber resilience framework works through five functions, and you will apply them on Kestrel Orbital’s platform in order, one per day across your first five days. Each function hands its output to the next, each gives Security Operations, Satellite Operations, and Satellite Design & Engineering work they read without translation, and together they produce the evidence behind your three mandates. Each one starts as a problem you will find on the platform and ends as something you will build to solve it, shown here across all five as problem then solution.

No shared structural taxonomy across the operational stack.

Threats tracked as actor names with no link to the platform elements they target.

Detection rules written before attack paths and source inventory exist.

Vendor-locked signatures with no paired response playbook for the SOC.

The same adversary returns; the same flaw stays exposed; no shared posture.

Decompose Kestrel Orbital’s platform into enumerated elements all three departments read the same way.

Enumerate the threats against Kestrel Orbital’s platform and anchor each one to the elements it targets.

Map how an adversary would traverse Kestrel Orbital’s command path, and the data and signal sources needed to see each step.

Write the detection signatures and the response playbooks the Security Operations Center runs when they fire.

Shrink the attack surface the adversary keeps finding across Kestrel Orbital’s missions.
CHECKPOINT
Five questions on the five functions: their names and order, what each one produces, and how each consumes the output of the one before it. Answer to confirm the arc before you begin Day 1.
Get started
That is the framework, end to end. Orientation closes here; one thing remains, your first task.
ENTER
THE METEORSTORM
Your first task is Concept of Operations (CONOPS): decompose a platform into its Primary Capability Environment (PCE), Segment (SEG), Service (SVC), and Asset (AST) elements. Every later function attaches to what you produce here, and what the five functions deliver is the evidence behind all three of your mandates. This is where the work you were hired to lead begins.